1. LM324ADR2G Substitution Conclusion The LM324ADR2G, as a standard BJT operational amplifier, exhibits low feasibility as a substitute for the J‑FET‑type TL064BCD, primarily due to significant differences in key parameters. First, the LM324’s input bias current is as high as 40 nA, far exceeding the 30 pA of the TL064 (a difference of roughly 1300×). In applications requiring high input impedance or low input current—such as sensor signal conditioning, integrator circuits, or precision measurement—the LM324 would introduce greater error and loading effects, potentially degrading performance. Second, the LM324’s supply current is 1.5 mA per channel, about 7.5 times higher than the TL064’s 200 µA, which would noticeably increase system power consumption and makes it unsuitable for battery‑powered or low‑power designs. Although the LM324 offers a wider supply voltage range (3 V to 32 V, compared to 10 V to 30 V for the TL064), which could be an advantage in low‑voltage applications, its unspecified slew rate (typically low) and standard amplifier architecture may limit its suitability in high‑speed or high‑precision signal processing. The LM324 should be considered only when the application is insensitive to input bias current and power consumption and the supply voltage is compatible; otherwise, substitution is not recommended.